The Paradigm of Provenance Research Versus the Priority of Restitution: On the Current Shift in Fundamental Understandings of Restitution Claims

Provenance research on objects originating from colonial contexts, though vital, often fails to fully trace object origins and conditions of acquisition. A participatory approach involving experts from the implicated societies can substantially contribute to a fuller understanding of the items, but documentation gaps persist. While provenance research remains crucial, it cannot always resolve questions of legitimacy with regard to ownership. In this dilemma, a new paradigm might be helpful: restitution should also consider origin countries’ demands and priorities in the light of cultural policies of the countries of origin. Recent cases in Ghana and Cameroon reflect this. Prioritizing demand and relevance for the receiving societies over acquisition conditions emphasizes the ideal of a shared future responsibility and collaborative cultural policy, marking a significant shift in restitution debates.